AIM ¶ 10-2-4 — EMS Multi-Helicopter Operations
AIM 10-2-4 explains recommended procedures for multiple EMS helicopters at landing zones and hospital heliports, including 123.025 MHz coordination.
In Plain English
When more than one EMS helicopter responds to the same scene or hospital, coordination prevents midair conflicts and confusion on the ground. AIM 10-2-4 lays out recommended (not regulatory) procedures to keep operations organized.
Landing Zone (LZ) Operations:
- The first helicopter establishes contact with the ground unit at least 10 NM out for an LZ briefing and reports how many helicopters are inbound.
- That helicopter then attempts to reach other inbound aircraft on 123.025 MHz to pass along LZ info and the ground unit's frequency.
- Subsequent helicopters check in on 123.025 MHz at least 10 NM from the LZ before contacting the ground unit.
- All helicopters monitor 123.025 continuously.
- If no LZ is set up yet, the first helicopter assigns altitudes and orbit positions — recommended 500 ft vertical separation, orbits on cardinal headings from scene coordinates. If altitude separation isn't possible, use 1 NM lateral between orbits.
- Before departing the LZ, broadcast position and route intentions on 123.025.
Hospital Heliport Operations: Always get a briefing from the hospital facility first. The helicopter nearest the pad coordinates with inbound traffic on 123.025 and advises whether offload will be rotors-turning or shut-down, plus expected duration.
AIM Source Text
FAA AIM ¶ 10-2-410-2-4. 10-2-4. Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Multiple Helicopter Operations
Background. EMS helicopter operators often overlap other EMS operator areas. Standardized procedures can enhance the safety of operating multiple helicopters to landing zones (LZs) and to hospital heliports. Communication is the key to successful operations and in maintaining organization between helicopters, ground units and communication centers. EMS helicopter operators which operate in the same areas should establish joint operating procedures and provide them to related agencies. Recommended Procedures. Landing Zone Operations. The first helicopter to arrive on-scene should establish communications with the ground unit at least 10 NMs from the LZ to receive a LZ briefing and to provide ground control the number of helicopters that can be expected. An attempt should be made to contact other helicopters on 123.025 to pass on to them pertinent LZ information and the ground unit's frequency. Subsequent helicopters arriving on scene should establish communications on 123.025 at least 10 NMs from the LZ. After establishing contact on 123.025, they should contact the ground unit for additional information. All helicopters should monitor 123.025 at all times. If the landing zone is not established by the ground unit when the first helicopter arrives, then the first helicopter should establish altitude and orbit location requirements for the other arriving helicopters. Recommended altitude separation between helicopters is 500 feet (weather and airspace permitting). Helicopters can orbit on cardinal headings from the scene coordinates. (See FIG 10-2-9 .) Upon landing in the LZ, the first helicopter should update the other helicopters on the LZ conditions, i.e., space, hazards and terrain. Before initiating any helicopter movement to leave the LZ, all operators should attempt to contact other helicopters on 123.025, and state their position and route of flight intentions for departing the LZ. Hospital Operations. Because many hospitals require landing permission and have established procedures (frequencies to monitor, primary and secondary routes for approaches and departures, and orbiting areas if the heliport is occupied) pilots should always receive a briefing from the appropriate facility (communication center, flight following, etc.) before proceeding to the hospital. In the event of multiple helicopters coming into the hospital heliport, the helicopter nearest to the heliport should contact other inbound helicopters on 123.025 and establish intentions. Follow the guidelines established in the LZ operations. To facilitate approach times, the pilot-in-command of the helicopter occupying the hospital heliport should advise any other operators whether the patient will be off loaded with the rotor blades turning or stopped, and the approximate time to do so. Before making any helicopter movement to leave the hospital heliport, all operators should attempt to contact other helicopters on 123.025 and state their position and route of flight intentions for departing the heliport. FIG 10-2-9 EMS Multiple Helicopter LZ/Heliport Operation NOTE- If the LZ/hospital heliport weather conditions or airspace altitude restrictions prohibit the recommended vertical separation, 1 NM separations should be kept between helicopter orbit areas. Previous | Top | Next AIM | ATPUBS | FAA | Send your comments regarding this website.
Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask
Q1What frequency is used to coordinate between EMS helicopters operating in the same area?
Per AIM 10-2-4, EMS helicopters use 123.025 MHz to coordinate, and all helicopters should monitor this frequency at all times during multi-helicopter operations.
Q2When approaching an EMS landing zone with multiple helicopters inbound, what is the recommended vertical separation, and what alternative applies if it can't be used?
Per AIM 10-2-4, recommended vertical separation between orbiting helicopters is 500 feet (weather and airspace permitting). If altitude restrictions prevent this, 1 NM lateral separation between orbit areas should be maintained.
Q3How far out should an EMS helicopter establish communications when arriving at a landing zone, and with whom?
Per AIM 10-2-4, the first arriving helicopter should contact the ground unit at least 10 NM from the LZ for a briefing. Subsequent helicopters should check in on 123.025 at least 10 NM out, then contact the ground unit for additional information.
Related Paragraphs in AIM Chapter 10