AIM ¶ 4-3-8 — Braking Action Reports
AIM 4-3-8 explains braking action terms (good to nil), FICON NOTAMs, and when ATC issues braking action advisories. Study guide for pilot checkrides.
AIM 4-3-8 covers how pilots and ATC communicate runway braking action during contaminated runway conditions. When available, ATC passes along pilot reports using six standard terms:
- Good
- Good to medium
- Medium
- Medium to poor
- Poor
- Nil
When reporting, use clear descriptive language like "braking action poor the first half of the runway," and include your aircraft type so other pilots can judge relevance.
FICON NOTAMs provide contaminant measurements for paved runways, but braking action FICON NOTAMs are only issued for non-paved surfaces, taxiways, and aprons. Part 139 and federally obligated airports cannot issue FICON braking reports for paved runways — a "NIL" condition there requires runway closure.
When tower receives reports of medium, poor, or nil — or weather is producing rapidly changing conditions — ATIS will state "BRAKING ACTION ADVISORIES ARE IN EFFECT." ATC then issues the most recent braking report to every arrival and departure. As PIC, be ready to request current conditions and provide your own descriptive report after landing. This is a recommended practice that directly affects your landing distance planning.