Braking Action Reports

AIM ¶ 4-3-8 Braking Action Reports

AIM 4-3-8 explains braking action terms (good to nil), FICON NOTAMs, and when ATC issues braking action advisories. Study guide for pilot checkrides.

In Plain English

AIM 4-3-8 covers how pilots and ATC communicate runway braking action during contaminated runway conditions. When available, ATC passes along pilot reports using six standard terms:

  • Good
  • Good to medium
  • Medium
  • Medium to poor
  • Poor
  • Nil

When reporting, use clear descriptive language like "braking action poor the first half of the runway," and include your aircraft type so other pilots can judge relevance.

FICON NOTAMs provide contaminant measurements for paved runways, but braking action FICON NOTAMs are only issued for non-paved surfaces, taxiways, and aprons. Part 139 and federally obligated airports cannot issue FICON braking reports for paved runways — a "NIL" condition there requires runway closure.

When tower receives reports of medium, poor, or nil — or weather is producing rapidly changing conditions — ATIS will state "BRAKING ACTION ADVISORIES ARE IN EFFECT." ATC then issues the most recent braking report to every arrival and departure. As PIC, be ready to request current conditions and provide your own descriptive report after landing. This is a recommended practice that directly affects your landing distance planning.

AIM Source Text
FAA AIM ¶ 4-3-8
4-3-8. 4-3-8. Braking Action Reports and Advisories When available, ATC furnishes pilots the quality of braking action received from pilots. The quality of braking action is described by the terms “good,” “good to medium,” “medium,” “medium to poor,” “poor,” and “nil.” When pilots report the quality of braking action by using the terms noted above, they should use descriptive terms that are easily understood, such as, “braking action poor the first/last half of the runway,” together with the particular type of aircraft. FICON NOTAMs will provide contaminant measurements for paved runways; however, a FICON NOTAM for braking action will only be used for non-paved runway surfaces, taxiways, and aprons. These NOTAMs are classified according to the most critical term (“good to medium,” “medium,” “medium to poor,” and “poor”). FICON NOTAM reporting of a braking condition for paved runway surfaces is not permissible by Federally Obligated Airports or those airports certificated under 14 CFR part 139. A “NIL” braking condition at these airports must be mitigated by closure of the affected surface. Do not include the type of vehicle in the FICON NOTAM. When tower controllers receive runway braking action reports which include the terms medium, poor, or nil, or whenever weather conditions are conducive to deteriorating or rapidly changing runway braking conditions, the tower will include on the ATIS broadcast the statement, “BRAKING ACTION ADVISORIES ARE IN EFFECT.” During the time that braking action advisories are in effect, ATC will issue the most recent braking action report for the runway in use to each arriving and departing aircraft. Pilots should be prepared for deteriorating braking conditions and should request current runway condition information if not issued by controllers. Pilots should also be prepared to provide a descriptive runway condition report to controllers after landing.
Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask
Q1What are the standard terms used to describe runway braking action?
Per AIM 4-3-8, the six terms are: good, good to medium, medium, medium to poor, poor, and nil. Pilots should add descriptive context (e.g., "poor the last half of the runway") and include aircraft type.
Q2When will ATIS include the phrase "Braking Action Advisories are in effect"?
Per AIM 4-3-8, the tower includes this statement on ATIS when braking action reports of medium, poor, or nil are received, or when weather conditions are conducive to deteriorating or rapidly changing runway braking conditions. While advisories are in effect, ATC issues the most recent report to each arriving and departing aircraft.
Q3How are FICON NOTAMs handled for braking action on paved runways at Part 139 airports?
Per AIM 4-3-8, FICON braking action NOTAMs are not permissible for paved runways at Part 139 or federally obligated airports — those NOTAMs apply only to non-paved runways, taxiways, and aprons. A NIL braking condition at these airports must be mitigated by closing the affected surface.
Related Paragraphs in AIM Chapter 4
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AIM 4-3-8 — Braking Action Reports & Advisories