Multiple Airworthiness Certificates

FAR 21.187 Multiple Airworthiness Certificates

FAR 21.187 explains how restricted category aircraft can hold multiple airworthiness certifications, conversion rules, and required FAA inspections.

In Plain English

FAR 21.187 allows an aircraft to hold an airworthiness certificate in the restricted category along with one or more other categories — except primary category. This is useful for operators who use the same airframe for different missions, such as agricultural spraying one day and a different operation the next.

To qualify, the applicant must show:

  • Compliance with the requirements of each category when the aircraft is configured for that category.
  • The aircraft can be converted between categories by adding or removing equipment using simple mechanical means.
  • Compliance with Part 34 (fuel venting and exhaust emissions).
  • For airplanes, compliance with Part 38 (fuel efficiency).

Operationally, every time the aircraft is converted from restricted category to another category for carrying passengers for compensation or hire, it must be inspected for airworthiness by the FAA or a certificated mechanic with an appropriate airframe rating, unless the FAA decides the inspection is unnecessary for safety. This protects paying passengers from being flown in an aircraft still configured for restricted-category work.

Regulation Text
14 CFR § 21.187
§ 21.187 Issue of multiple airworthiness certifications for restricted category aircraft. (a) An applicant for an airworthiness certificate in the restricted category, and in one or more other categories except primary category, is entitled to the certificate, if— (1) The applicant shows compliance with the requirements for each category, when the aircraft is in the configuration for that category; (2) The applicant shows that the aircraft can be converted from one category to another by removing or adding equipment by simple mechanical means; (3) The aircraft complies with the applicable requirements of part 34 of this subchapter; and (4) The airplane complies with the applicable requirements of part 38 of this subchapter. (b) The operator of an aircraft certificated under this section must have the aircraft inspected by the FAA, or by a certificated mechanic with an appropriate airframe rating, to determine airworthiness each time the aircraft is converted from the restricted category to another category for the carriage of passengers for compensation or hire, unless the FAA finds this unnecessary for safety in a particular case. (c) The aircraft complies with the applicable requirements of part 34. [Doc. No. 5085, 29 FR 14569, Oct. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 21-68, 55 FR 32860, Aug. 10, 1990; Amdt. 21-70, 57 FR 41369, Sept. 9, 1992; Amdt. No. 21-107, 89 FR 12654, Feb. 16, 2024; Amdt. 21-109, 90 FR 35206, July 24, 2025]
Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask
Q1Under what conditions can an aircraft hold an airworthiness certificate in the restricted category and another category at the same time?
Per FAR 21.187, the applicant must show compliance with the requirements for each category in its respective configuration, demonstrate the aircraft can be converted between categories by simple mechanical means, and meet the applicable requirements of Parts 34 and 38.
Q2Which category cannot be combined with restricted category under multiple airworthiness certification?
FAR 21.187 specifically excludes the primary category — an aircraft cannot hold both a restricted and primary category airworthiness certificate.
Q3What inspection is required when converting a dual-certified aircraft from restricted category to another category to carry passengers for hire?
FAR 21.187(b) requires an airworthiness inspection by the FAA or by a certificated mechanic with an appropriate airframe rating each time the aircraft is converted, unless the FAA determines it unnecessary for safety in that particular case.
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FAR 21.187 — Multiple Airworthiness Certs (Restricted)