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Overlapping Airspace Hierarchy

AIM ¶ 3-1-3 — Overlapping Airspace Hierarchy

AIM 3-1-3 explains which airspace rules apply when classes overlap. Learn the hierarchy A>B>C>D>E>G for checkride and written test prep.

In Plain English

When two airspace classifications overlap, the more restrictive class governs — its operating rules win. AIM 3-1-3 lays out a clear pecking order so pilots know which requirements (clearances, equipment, weather minimums, communications) to follow.

The hierarchy from most to least restrictive:

  • Class A — more restrictive than B, C, D, E, or G
  • Class B — more restrictive than C, D, E, or G
  • Class C — more restrictive than D, E, or G
  • Class D — more restrictive than E or G
  • Class E — more restrictive than G

Why it matters operationally: Many airports nest Class D inside a larger Class E surface area, or Class C shelves overlay Class E. If you're flying through the overlap, you must meet the tougher requirements — for example, an ATC clearance to enter Class B even if Class E also covers that altitude. Misapplying the rules can lead to airspace busts, pilot deviations, or loss of separation. When in doubt, default to the stricter set of rules.

AIM Source Text
FAA AIM ¶ 3-1-3
3-1-3. 3-1-3. Hierarchy of Overlapping Airspace Designations When overlapping airspace designations apply to the same airspace, the operating rules associated with the more restrictive airspace designation apply. For the purpose of clarification: Class A airspace is more restrictive than Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, or Class G airspace; Class B airspace is more restrictive than Class C, Class D, Class E, or Class G airspace; Class C airspace is more restrictive than Class D, Class E, or Class G airspace; Class D airspace is more restrictive than Class E or Class G airspace; and Class E is more restrictive than Class G airspace.
Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask
Q1If two classes of airspace overlap, which set of operating rules applies?
Per AIM 3-1-3, the operating rules associated with the more restrictive airspace designation apply when overlapping airspace designations cover the same area.
Q2Rank Classes A through G from most to least restrictive.
Per AIM 3-1-3: Class A is most restrictive, followed by B, then C, then D, then E, with Class G being the least restrictive.
Q3If Class D airspace overlaps with Class E, which rules must a pilot follow?
Per AIM 3-1-3, Class D is more restrictive than Class E, so the Class D operating rules — including two-way radio communications with the tower — apply in the overlap.
Related Paragraphs in AIM Chapter 3
3-1-1
Airspace Categories and Types
3-1-2
Airspace Dimensions Reference
3-1-4
Basic VFR Weather Minimums
3-1-5
VFR Cruising Altitudes
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AIM 3-1-3 — Overlapping Airspace Hierarchy