FAR 61.117 — Private Pilot SIC Limitations
FAR 61.117 explains when a private pilot may act as second in command of multi-pilot aircraft and the compensation limits that apply. Study guide for pilots.
FAR 61.117 restricts when a private pilot can serve as second in command (SIC) of an aircraft that requires more than one pilot.
The rule has two prohibitions (except as allowed by the limited compensation exceptions in § 61.113):
- A private pilot may not act as SIC for compensation or hire in an aircraft type certificated for more than one pilot.
- A private pilot may not act as SIC of such an aircraft when it is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire, even if the pilot themselves is not paid.
Why it matters operationally: Private pilots flying right seat in two-pilot aircraft (like many turbojets or large turboprops) need to understand that SIC duties are essentially a commercial activity. To be paid as SIC — or to fly SIC on a paying passenger/cargo trip — you generally need a commercial pilot certificate. The narrow exceptions in § 61.113 (such as pro rata expense sharing or incidental-to-business flying) are the only relief from this rule.