Icing Certification

FAR 23.2540 Icing Certification

FAR 23.2540 sets icing certification requirements for Part 23 airplanes: ice protection system safety and stall protection with the autopilot engaged.

In Plain English

FAR 23.2540 applies to manufacturers seeking certification of a Part 23 airplane for flight in icing conditions. The baseline icing environment is defined in Part 1 of Appendix C to Part 25, and an applicant may also request certification for additional atmospheric icing conditions beyond that baseline.

To earn that certification, the applicant must demonstrate, within the icing conditions requested:

  • The ice protection system (anti-ice and de-ice equipment) provides for safe operation of the airplane throughout those conditions.
  • The airplane design protects against stalling while the autopilot is engaged, since ice accretion can change stall characteristics and an inattentive pilot relying on autopilot could otherwise be surprised by a stall.

Why it matters operationally: as a pilot, knowing your airplane is certified under § 23.2540 tells you the ice protection equipment and autopilot stall behavior have been tested for the specific icing envelope listed in your AFM. Operating outside that envelope — for example, in freezing rain or large supercooled droplets not covered by the certification — is not approved.

Regulation Text
14 CFR § 23.2540
§ 23.2540 Flight in icing conditions. An applicant who requests certification for flight in icing conditions defined in part 1 of appendix C to part 25 of this chapter, or an applicant who requests certification for flight in these icing conditions and any additional atmospheric icing conditions, must show the following in the icing conditions for which certification is requested: (a) The ice protection system provides for safe operation. (b) The airplane design must provide protection from stalling when the autopilot is operating.
Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask
Q1What does FAR 23.2540 require of an airplane certified for flight in icing conditions?
Per FAR 23.2540, the applicant must show that the ice protection system provides for safe operation and that the airplane design protects against stalling when the autopilot is operating, within the icing conditions for which certification is requested.
Q2Where are the baseline icing conditions referenced in FAR 23.2540 actually defined?
FAR 23.2540 references the icing conditions defined in Part 1 of Appendix C to Part 25, with the option for an applicant to also seek approval for additional atmospheric icing conditions.
Q3Why does FAR 23.2540 specifically address autopilot operation in icing conditions?
FAR 23.2540 requires the airplane design to provide stall protection while the autopilot is operating, because ice accretion can degrade stall characteristics and a pilot relying on autopilot may not detect the change without that protection.
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FAR 23.2540 — Flight in Icing Conditions