Altitude Reporting Equipment

FAR 91.217 Altitude Reporting Equipment

FAR 91.217 explains when automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment must be accurate, calibrated, and aligned between Mode C/S and ADS-B Out sources.

In Plain English

FAR 91.217 governs how your automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment (the Mode C/S transponder altitude encoder, and ADS-B Out altitude source) must work in relation to the altimeter you actually fly with.

You may not operate the automatic altitude reporting equipment if:

  • ATC has directed you to deactivate it (for example, when your reported altitude is bad and controllers ask you to turn off altitude reporting).
  • The equipment, as installed, was not tested and calibrated to transmit altitude data within 125 feet (95% probability) of the indicated or calibrated datum of the altimeter normally used to maintain flight altitude, with that altimeter set to 29.92 inches of mercury, from sea level to the aircraft's maximum operating altitude.
  • The altimeters and digitizers do not meet TSO-C10b (altimeters) and TSO-C88 (digitizers), respectively.

If the aircraft has both a transponder and ADS-B Out, the pressure altitude reported by Mode C/S and ADS-B Out must come from the same source.

Why it matters: ATC separation, TCAS, and ADS-B traffic services rely on accurate, consistent altitude data. Mismatched or uncalibrated encoders create real collision risk and will get you a phone number to call.

Regulation Text
14 CFR § 91.217
§ 91.217 Data correspondence between automatically reported pressure altitude data and the pilot's altitude reference. (a) No person may operate any automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment associated with a radar beacon transponder— (1) When deactivation of that equipment is directed by ATC; (2) Unless, as installed, that equipment was tested and calibrated to transmit altitude data corresponding within 125 feet (on a 95 percent probability basis) of the indicated or calibrated datum of the altimeter normally used to maintain flight altitude, with that altimeter referenced to 29.92 inches of mercury for altitudes from sea level to the maximum operating altitude of the aircraft; or (3) Unless the altimeters and digitizers in that equipment meet the standards of TSO-C10b and TSO-C88, respectively. (b) No person may operate any automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment associated with a radar beacon transponder or with ADS-B Out equipment unless the pressure altitude reported for ADS-B Out and Mode C/S is derived from the same source for aircraft equipped with both a transponder and ADS-B Out. [Docket 18334, 54 FR 34304, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by Amdt. 91-314, 75 FR 30193, May 28, 2010]
Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask
Q1What accuracy is required between your altitude encoder and the altimeter you fly with?
Per FAR 91.217, the automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment must be tested and calibrated to transmit within 125 feet (on a 95% probability basis) of the indicated or calibrated datum of the altimeter normally used to maintain flight altitude, with that altimeter set to 29.92 inHg.
Q2If your aircraft has both a transponder and ADS-B Out, where must the reported pressure altitude come from?
FAR 91.217(b) requires the pressure altitude reported for ADS-B Out and Mode C/S to be derived from the same source when the aircraft is equipped with both.
Q3When must you stop operating your automatic altitude reporting equipment?
Under FAR 91.217(a), you must turn it off when ATC directs deactivation, or you may not operate it unless it has been properly calibrated to the 125-foot tolerance and the altimeters and digitizers meet TSO-C10b and TSO-C88.
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FAR 91.217 — Mode C Altitude Reporting Accuracy