FAR 91.317 — Provisional Aircraft Limitations
FAR 91.317 sets operating limitations for provisionally certificated civil aircraft, covering eligibility, allowed uses, passengers, procedures, and maintenance.
In Plain English
FAR 91.317 governs how a provisionally certificated civil aircraft may be operated. These aircraft hold a temporary airworthiness certificate while still in the certification process, so the FAA tightly restricts their use.
Key points:
- The operator must be eligible for a provisional airworthiness certificate under §21.213.
- Operations outside the U.S. require specific approval from the Administrator and each foreign country.
- Operations in air transportation require approval from the Executive Director, Flight Standards Service.
- Allowed uses are limited to: type/supplemental type certification work, flight crew training (including simulated air carrier ops), manufacturer demonstration flights to prospective buyers, market surveys, flight checking of non-critical instruments/equipment, and service testing.
- The pilot must follow the prescribed limitations in the aircraft or flight manual; certification flights fall under §21.191 experimental limits, and flight testing under §91.305.
- Operators must establish approved procedures, ensure crew are qualified and familiar with the aircraft, and maintain it per applicable rules.
- Only persons with a proper interest (or specifically authorized) may be carried, and each must be told the aircraft is provisionally certificated.
This matters because provisional aircraft are not fully proven — operational discipline keeps the public and crew safe during the certification phase.
Regulation Text
14 CFR § 91.317§ 91.317 Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitations.
(a) No person may operate a provisionally certificated civil aircraft unless that person is eligible for a provisional airworthiness certificate under § 21.213 of this chapter.
(b) No person may operate a provisionally certificated civil aircraft outside the United States unless that person has specific authority to do so from the Administrator and each foreign country involved.
(c) Unless otherwise authorized by the Executive Director, Flight Standards Service, no person may operate a provisionally certificated civil aircraft in air transportation.
(d) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may operate a provisionally certificated civil aircraft except—
(1) In direct conjunction with the type or supplemental type certification of that aircraft;
(2) For training flight crews, including simulated air carrier operations;
(3) Demonstration flight by the manufacturer for prospective purchasers;
(4) Market surveys by the manufacturer;
(5) Flight checking of instruments, accessories, and equipment that do not affect the basic airworthiness of the aircraft; or
(6) Service testing of the aircraft.
(e) Each person operating a provisionally certificated civil aircraft shall operate within the prescribed limitations displayed in the aircraft or set forth in the provisional aircraft flight manual or other appropriate document. However, when operating in direct conjunction with the type or supplemental type certification of the aircraft, that person shall operate under the experimental aircraft limitations of § 21.191 of this chapter and when flight testing, shall operate under the requirements of § 91.305 of this part.
(f) Each person operating a provisionally certificated civil aircraft shall establish approved procedures for—
(1) The use and guidance of flight and ground personnel in operating under this section; and
(2) Operating in and out of airports where takeoffs or approaches over populated areas are necessary. No person may operate that aircraft except in compliance with the approved procedures.
(g) Each person operating a provisionally certificated civil aircraft shall ensure that each flight crewmember is properly certificated and has adequate knowledge of, and familiarity with, the aircraft and procedures to be used by that crewmember.
(h) Each person operating a provisionally certificated civil aircraft shall maintain it as required by applicable regulations and as may be specially prescribed by the Administrator.
(i) Whenever the manufacturer, or the Administrator, determines that a change in design, construction, or operation is necessary to ensure safe operation, no person may operate a provisionally certificated civil aircraft until that change has been made and approved. Section 21.99 of this chapter applies to operations under this section.
(j) Each person operating a provisionally certificated civil aircraft—
(1) May carry in that aircraft only persons who have a proper interest in the operations allowed by this section or who are specifically authorized by both the manufacturer and the Administrator; and
(2) Shall advise each person carried that the aircraft is provisionally certificated.
(k) The Administrator may prescribe additional limitations or procedures that the Administrator considers necessary, including limitations on the number of persons who may be carried in the aircraft.
[Docket 18334, 54 FR 34308, Aug. 18, 1989, as amended by Amdt. 91-212, 54 FR 39293, Sept. 25, 1989; Docket FAA-2018-0119, Amdt. 91-350, 83 FR 9171, Mar. 5, 2018]
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2120-0005)
Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask
Q1What types of operations are permitted in a provisionally certificated civil aircraft?
Per FAR 91.317(d), permitted operations include type/STC certification work, flight crew training (including simulated air carrier ops), manufacturer demo flights for prospective buyers, market surveys, flight checking of non-critical equipment, and service testing.
Q2Who may you carry as a passenger in a provisionally certificated aircraft, and what must you tell them?
FAR 91.317(j) limits passengers to those with a proper interest in the operation or specifically authorized by the manufacturer and the Administrator, and you must advise each person that the aircraft is provisionally certificated.
Q3Can a provisionally certificated civil aircraft be flown outside the United States or used in air transportation?
Not without specific approval. FAR 91.317(b) requires authorization from the Administrator and each foreign country for operations outside the U.S., and FAR 91.317(c) requires Executive Director, Flight Standards Service approval for air transportation use.
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Related Sections in Part 91