Flying Equipment Requirements

FAR 91.503 Flying Equipment Requirements

FAR 91.503 lists the flying equipment, charts, and cockpit checklists a PIC must have accessible on large and turbine-powered airplane flights.

In Plain English

FAR 91.503 applies to large and turbine-powered multiengine airplanes and tells the pilot in command what equipment, charts, and checklists must be accessible at the pilot station for every flight. This matters operationally because these items support both routine procedures and emergency response in complex aircraft.

The PIC must ensure the following are on board, current, and accessible:

  • A flashlight with at least two size "D" cells (or equivalent) in good working order
  • A cockpit checklist covering the required procedures
  • Pertinent aeronautical charts
  • For IFR, VFR over-the-top, or night flights: en route, terminal area, and approach/letdown charts
  • For multiengine airplanes: one-engine-inoperative climb performance data

The cockpit checklist must include procedures for: before starting engines, before takeoff, cruise, before landing, after landing, stopping engines, and emergencies. Emergency procedures must address fuel, hydraulic, electrical, and mechanical systems; instruments and controls; engine-inoperative procedures; and any other safety-critical items. Crewmembers are required to actually use these items when pertinent — they're not just paperwork.

Regulation Text
14 CFR § 91.503
§ 91.503 Flying equipment and operating information. (a) The pilot in command of an airplane shall ensure that the following flying equipment and aeronautical charts and data, in current and appropriate form, are accessible for each flight at the pilot station of the airplane: (1) A flashlight having at least two size “D” cells, or the equivalent, that is in good working order. (2) A cockpit checklist containing the procedures required by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Pertinent aeronautical charts. (4) For IFR, VFR over-the-top, or night operations, each pertinent navigational en route, terminal area, and approach and letdown chart. (5) In the case of multiengine airplanes, one-engine inoperative climb performance data. (b) Each cockpit checklist must contain the following procedures and shall be used by the flight crewmembers when operating the airplane: (1) Before starting engines. (2) Before takeoff. (3) Cruise. (4) Before landing. (5) After landing. (6) Stopping engines. (7) Emergencies. (c) Each emergency cockpit checklist procedure required by paragraph (b)(7) of this section must contain the following procedures, as appropriate: (1) Emergency operation of fuel, hydraulic, electrical, and mechanical systems. (2) Emergency operation of instruments and controls. (3) Engine inoperative procedures. (4) Any other procedures necessary for safety. (d) The equipment, charts, and data prescribed in this section shall be used by the pilot in command and other members of the flight crew, when pertinent.
Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask
Q1What flying equipment and information must be accessible at the pilot station under FAR 91.503?
Per FAR 91.503(a), the PIC must ensure access to a working flashlight with at least two size D cells, a cockpit checklist, pertinent aeronautical charts, en route/terminal/approach charts for IFR-VFR-OTT-night ops, and one-engine-inoperative climb data for multiengine airplanes.
Q2What procedures must the cockpit checklist contain?
FAR 91.503(b) requires checklist procedures for before starting engines, before takeoff, cruise, before landing, after landing, stopping engines, and emergencies, and the flight crew must use them when operating the airplane.
Q3What must the emergency section of the cockpit checklist cover?
FAR 91.503(c) requires emergency procedures for fuel, hydraulic, electrical, and mechanical systems; instruments and controls; engine-inoperative procedures; and any other procedures necessary for safety.
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FAR 91.503 — Flying Equipment & Operating Info