Crewmember Training Requirements

FAR 91.1099 — Crewmember Training Requirements

FAR 91.1099 requires fractional ownership crewmembers to complete initial or recurrent training within the previous 12 months before serving.

In Plain English

FAR 91.1099 sets the training currency rule for crewmembers flying under Subpart K (fractional ownership operations). Before a program manager may use anyone as a crewmember — and before any person may serve in that role — that crewmember must have completed the appropriate phase of the approved training program for the type of operation they're about to perform.

Key points:

The crewmember must complete either initial training (first time in that role/aircraft) or recurrent training (ongoing requalification).
Training must match the type of operation the crewmember will conduct.
The training must have been completed since the beginning of the 12th month before the month of service — effectively giving a rolling 12-month currency window.

Why it matters operationally: this rule keeps fractional crews proficient and standardized. If a pilot lets the 12-month window lapse, they cannot legally crew the flight until recurrent training is completed, regardless of total experience. Program managers track these dates carefully to avoid grounding crews.

Regulation Text

14 CFR § 91.1099

§ 91.1099 Crewmember initial and recurrent training requirements. No program manager may use a person, nor may any person serve, as a crewmember in operations under this subpart unless that crewmember has completed the appropriate initial or recurrent training phase of the training program appropriate to the type of operation in which the crewmember is to serve since the beginning of the 12th month before that service.

Oral Exam Questions a DPE Might Ask

Q1Under Subpart K fractional operations, how recently must a crewmember have completed training before serving on a flight?

Per FAR 91.1099, the crewmember must have completed the appropriate initial or recurrent training phase since the beginning of the 12th month before the month of service — a rolling 12-month window.

Q2Who is responsible for ensuring a fractional crewmember has completed required training before being used on a flight?

FAR 91.1099 places the responsibility on both the program manager (who may not use the person) and the crewmember (who may not serve) unless the appropriate training has been completed.

Q3What two types of training phases satisfy the currency requirement under FAR 91.1099?

FAR 91.1099 recognizes either the initial or recurrent training phase of the approved training program, appropriate to the type of operation the crewmember will perform.

Practice this with our AI examiner

Examiner Reed adapts to your responses and probes deeper on weak spots — full ACS coverage, not a script.

Studying for a checkride?

Private Pilot Oral Exam Guide

200+ DPE-style questions, ACS-aligned

Private Pilot Checkride Prep

Mock checkride with pass-prediction

PPL Knowledge Test Practice

Free adaptive questions

Related Sections in Part 91

§ 91.1

Part 91 Applicability